This is a list of human anatomymnemonics, categorized and alphabetized. For mnemonics in other medical specialities, see this list of medical mnemonics.
- 8Vertebral column
- 22Diaphragm apertures: spinal levels
- 26G.I. tract layers (simplified)
- 27Kidney functions
- 32Sternal angle
- 37Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Afferent vs efferent[edit]
Afferent connection arrives and an efferent connection exits.
Anterior leg muscles[edit]
'The Hospitals Are Not Dirty Places'
- Tibialis anterior
- extensor Hallucis longus
- anterior tibial Artery
- deep fibular Nerve
- extensor Digitorum longus
- Peronius tertius [aka fibularis tertius][1]
Brachial plexus[edit]
Remember To Drink Cold Beer - Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches
- Posterior cord branches
- STAR - subscapular (upper and lower), thoracodorsal, axillary, radial
- RATS- Radial nerve, Axillary nerve, Thoracodorsal nerve, Subscapular (Upper & Lower)nerve.
- ULTRA - upper subscapular, lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, radial, axillary
- ULNAR- Upper subscapular nerve, Lower subscapular nerve,Nerve to latissimus dorsi, Axillary nerve, Radial nerve.
- Lateral Cord Branches
- LLM 'Lucy Loves Me' - lateral pectoral, lateral root of the median nerve, musculocutaneous
- Love Me Latha (LML) - Lateral pectoral nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve, Lateral root of Median Nerve.
- Look My Lancer-Lateral pectoral nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve,Lateral root of Median nerve.
- Medial Cord Branches
- MMMUM 'Most Medical Men Use Morphine' - medial pectoral, medial cutaneous nerve of arm, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, ulnar, medial root of the median nerve
- 'Money Makes Many Men Unhappy' - Medial pectoral nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of arm, Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, Medial root of median nerve, Ulnar nerve.
- 'M4U' - Medial pectoral nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of arm, Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, Medial root of median nerve, Ulnar nerve
- Union of 4 Medials - Ulnar nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of arm, Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, Medial pectoral nerve, Medial root of Median Nerve.
- 5 main nerves of brachial plexus, in order laterally to medially
- 'My Aunty Rocks My Uncle' - Musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar.
Bowel components[edit]
'Dow Jones Industrial Average Closing Stock Report'[1]
From proximal to distal:
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
- Appendix
- Colon
- Sigmoid
- Rectum
Carotid sheath contents[edit]
I See 10 CC's in the IV:[1]p. 1
- I See (I.C.) = Internal Carotid artery
- 10 = CN 10 (Vagus nerve)
- CC = Common Carotid artery
- IV = Internal Jugular Vein
Cavernous sinus contents[edit]
O TOM CAT:[1]p. 1
O TOM are lateral wall components, in order from superior to inferior.
CA are the components within the sinus, from medial to lateral. CA ends at the level of T from O TOM.
- Occulomotor nerve (III)
- Trochlear nerve (IV)
- Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
- Maxillary nerve (V2)
- Carotid artery
- Abducent nerve (VI)
- T: When written, connects to the T of OTOM
Celiac trunk(Coeliac trunk): branches[edit]
Left Hand Side (LHS):
- Left gastric artery
- Hepatic artery
- Splenic artery
Vertebral column[edit]
The servant attacks with saw and axe the lumbar, stack and cord[edit]
- Cervical (atlas, axis)
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacral
- coccygeal
Tributaries of the Inferior vena cava[edit]
'ILike To Rise So High'
- Iliac vein (common)
- Lumbar vein
- Testicular vein
- Renal vein
- Suprarenal vein
- Hepatic vein[2]
Greater sciatic foramen[edit]
Structures passing through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis (S.N.I.P. N.I.P.)
- sciatic nerve
- nerve to obturator internus
- internal pudendal vessel
- pudendal nerve
- nerve to quadratus femoris
- inferior gluteal vessels
- posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Lesser sciatic foramen[edit]
Structures passing through lesser sciatic foramen: (P.I.N.T.)
- pudendal nerve
- internal pudendal vessels
- nerve to obturator internus
- tendon of obturator internus
Tarsal tunnel[edit]
a mnemonic to remember the contents of the Tarsal tunnel from anterior to posterior is 'Tom, Dick and Harry'.[3][4][5] or alternatively 'Tom, Dick (and very nervous) Harry' if the artery, vein, and nerve are included.
Subclavian artery[edit]
The branches of the subclavian artery can be remembered using VITamin C and D.
Posterior mediastinum[edit]
The contents of posterior mediastinum can be remembered using the mnemonic, 'DATES'
- Descending aorta
- Azygous vein and hemiazygos vein
- Thoracic duct
- Esophagus
- Sympathetic trunk/ganglia.[6]
Superior orbital fissure[edit]
Standing room only can be used to remember that:
- V1 passes through the superior orbital fissure
- V2 through the foramen rotundum
- V3 through the foramen ovale.[7]
Foramen magnum[edit]
Contents of the foramen magnum: VAMPS-ATM
- Vertebral arteries
- Anterior Spinal artery
- Meningeal branches of the cervical nerves
- Posterior spinal arteries
- Spinal part of the accessory nerve
- Alar and Apical ligaments of the dense
- Tectorial membrane
- Medulla oblongata[citation needed]
Cerebellum[edit]
Deep cerebellar nuclei and their positions relative to the midline: 'Fat Guys Eat Donuts,' where each letter indicates the medial to lateral location in the cerebellar white matter
- dentate nucleus[citation needed]
Pes anserinus[edit]
A mnemonic to remember the muscles that contribute tendons to the pes anserinus and the innervations of these muscles is SGT FOT (sergeant FOT)
- S- Sartorius
- G- Gracilis
- T- semiTendinosus (from anterior to posterior).
- F- femoral nerve
- O- obturator nerve
- T- tibial division of the sciatic nerve.
Notice the order of the muscles (S, G, T) follows the order of the innervating nerves which correspond to those muscles (F, O, T)[citation needed]
Another anterior to posterior is âSay Grace before Teaâ Sartorius, Gracilis, semiTendinosus.
Femoral triangle[edit]
The femoral triangle is shaped like the sail of a sailing ship and hence its boundaries can be remembered using the mnemonic, 'SAIL':
- Sartorius
- Adductor longus
- Inguinal Ligament.[8]
The order of structures in the femoral triangle is important in the embalming of bodies, as the femoral artery is often exposed and used to pump embalming fluids into the body. The order of this neurovascular bundle can be remembered using the mnemonic, 'NAVY':
- Nerve
- Artery
- Vein
- Y -fronts (the British term of a style of men's underwear with a 'Y' shaped front that acts as a fly). The 'Y' is midline (corresponding with the penis) and the mnemonic always reads from lateral to medial (in other words, the Femoral Nerve is always lateral).
An alternate to this mnemonic is 'NAVEL' for Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty Space and Lymph, to include the deep inguinal lymph nodes located medial to the Femoral vein.[citation needed]
Popliteal fossa[edit]
A useful mnemonic to remember popliteal fossa anatomy (medial-to-lateral arrangement) is: Serve And Volley Next Ball.
- S: semimembranosus and semitendinosus (superior medial border)
- A: artery (popliteal artery)
- V: vein (popliteal vein)
- N: nerve (tibial nerve)
- B: biceps femoris (superior lateral border). The lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius form the inferior border.[9]
Cranial nerves[edit]
There are many mnemonics for the names of the cranial nerves, e.g.
- 'OOOTTAFAGVSH' is 'OLd OPen OCeans TROuble TRIbesmen ABout Fish VEnom Giving VArious ACute/SPlitting Headaches' (a mnemonic that gives enough letters to distinguish between nerves that start with the same letter), or 'On old Olympus's towering tops, a Finn and German viewed some hops,'[10] and for the initial letters 'OOOTTAFVGVAH' is 'Oh, oh, oh, to touch and feel very good velvet .. ah, heaven.'[11] The differences between these depend on 'acoustic' versus 'vestibulocochlear' and 'spinal-accessory' versus 'accessory'.
- A common example mnemonic for remembering which nerves are motor (M), sensory (S), or both (B), 'Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Benevolent Bride Matters More'. There are a very large number of additional mnemonics.[12]
- For the five branches of the facial nerve there are: Two Zebras Bit My Cookie or To Zanzibar By MotorCar
NERVE: | Olfactory nerve | Optic nerve | Oculomotor nerve | Pathic (Trochlear) nerve | Trigeminal (dentist) nerve | Abducens nerve | Facial nerve | Vestibulo-cochlear (Auditory) nerve | Glosso-pharyngeal nerve | Vagus nerve | Spinal Accessory nerve | Hypoglossal nerve | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ophthalmic | Maxillary | Mandibular | ||||||||||||
Mnemonic: (for nerve)[13] |
OLd | OPen | OCeans | TROuble | TRIbesmen | ABout | Fish | VEnom | Giving | VArious | ACute / SPlitting | Headaches | ||
TYPE: | Sensory | Sensory | Motor | Motor | Both (sensory + motor) | Motor | Both | Sensory | Both | Both | Motor | Motor | ||
Mnemonic: (for type)[14] |
Some | Say | Marry | Money, | But | My | Brother | Says | Big | Business | Makes | Money | ||
FORAMINA: | Cribriform plate | Optic canal | Superior Orbital Fissure | Superior Orbital Fissure | Superior Orbital Fissure | Foramen Rotundum | Foramen Ovale | Superior Orbital Fissure | Internal Acoustic Meatus | Internal Acoustic Meatus | Jugular Foramen | Jugular Foramen | Jugular Foramen | Hypoglossal Canal |
Mnemonics: (for foramina) |
Cleaners | Only | Spray | Smelly | Stuff | Right | On | Smelly | Idiots | In | Jumbled | Junkyards | Juggled | High |
Carl | Only | Swims | South. | Silly | Roger | Only | Swims | In | Infiniti | Jacuzzis. | Jane | Just | Hitchhikes. |
Diaphragm apertures: spinal levels[edit]
Many mnemonics are used for diaphragm apertures including:
Number of letters[edit]
- Aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12
- Oesophagus = 10 letters = T10
- Vena cava = 8 letters = T8[1]p. 1
I ate 10 eggs at 12[edit]
- I = IVC
- ate = T8
- 10 = T10
- Eggs = Esophagus
- At = Aorta
- 12 = T12
'I Read Very Old And Torn Articles' - IVC, Right phrenic nerve, Vagus, Oesophagus, Aorta, Thoracic duct, Azygous vein.[clarify]
(V)oice (O)f (A)merica[edit]
- V- vena cava -T8
- O-oesophagus-T10
- A-aorta-T12
Duodenum: lengths of parts[edit]
'Counting 1 to 4 but staggered':[1]p. 1
- 1st part: 2 inches
- 2nd part: 3 inches
- 3rd part: 4 inches
- 4th part: 1 inch
Endocrine glands[edit]
The major glands of the endocrine system, excluding ovaries and testes: 'T-A-P.' (T2, A3, P4)
- Thymus
- Thyroid
- Anterior pituitary
- Adrenal cortex
- Adrenal medulla
- Posterior pituitary
- Parathyroid gland
- Pancreas
- Pineal[15]
Extraocular muscles[edit]
A good mnemonic to remember which muscles are innervated by what nerve is to paraphrase it as a molecular equation: LR6SO4R3.[16]
- Lateral Rectus - Cranial Nerve VI
- Superior Oblique - Cranial Nerve IV
- the Rest of the muscles - Cranial Nerve III
Another way to remember which nerves innervate which muscles is to understand the meaning behind all the Latin words.
- The fourth cranial nerve, the trochlear, is so named because the muscle it innervates, the superior oblique, runs through a little fascial pulley that changes its direction of pull (the trochlea of superior oblique). This pulley exists in the superiomedial corner of each orbit, and 'trochl-' is Latin for 'pulley.'
- The sixth cranial nerve, the abducens, is so named because it controls the lateral rectus, which abducts the eye (rotates it laterally) upon contraction.
- The third cranial nerve, the oculomotor, is so named because it is in charge of the movement (motor) of the eye (oculo-). It controls all the other muscles.
G.I. tract layers (simplified)[edit]
M.S.M.S[edit]
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis propria
- Serosa[17]
Kidney functions[edit]
A WET BED[edit]
- A â maintaining ACID-base balance
- W â maintaining WATER balance
- E â ELECTROLYTE balance
- T â TOXIN removal
- B â BLOOD Pressure control
- E â making ERYTHROPOIETIN
- D â Vitamin D metabolism
Lateral geniculate nucleus[edit]
Islanders game online free. A simple mnemonic for remembering this[clarify] is 'See I? I see, I see,' with 'see' representing the C in 'contralateral,' and 'I' representing the I in 'ipsilateral.' Another is 'Emily and Pete meet eye to eye' as in 'M and P meet I to I,' or again, Magno and Parvo meet Ipsi to Ipsi.
Another way of remembering this[clarify] is 2+3=5, which is correct, so ipsilateral side, and 1+4 doesn't equal 6, so contralateral.
Placenta-crossing substances[edit]
WANT My Hot Dog[18]
- Wastes
- Antibodies
- Nutrients
- Teratogens
- Microorganisms
- Hormones, HIV
- Drugs
Retina[edit]
A mnemonic to remember the layers of the retina:
My | Membrane (internal limiting) |
Nerves | Nerve fibers |
Get | Ganglions |
In | Inner plexiform |
Knots | Inner nuclear |
Outside | Outer plexiform |
Our | Outer nuclear |
Easy | External limiting membrane |
Practice | Photoreceptors |
Review | Retinal pigment epithelium |
Sperm: path through male reproductive system[edit]
'My boyfriend's name is STEVE':[1]
- Seminiferous Tubules
- Epididymis
- Vas deferens
- Ejaculatory duct
Sternal angle[edit]
For structures lying at the level of the sternal angle, the following mnemonic can be used:
RAT PLLANT[edit]
- Rib 2
- Aortic arch
- Tracheal bifurcation
- Pulmonary trunk
- Ligamentum arteriosum
- Left recurrent laryngeal
- Azygos Vein
- Nerves (Cardiac and Pulmonary plexuses)
- Thoracic duct
PLOT of EARTH PLLANTS[edit]
is a more detailed mnemonic including:
- Phrenic and Vagus Nerve
- Lymph Nodes
- Oblique fissure of lungs (top of it)
- Thymus
- Esophagus (trending right to left)
- Aortic Arch (bottom of the arch)
- Rib 2, Manubrium-sternal angle, T4(more specifically T4-5 disc)
- Tracheal Bifurcation (Carina: Latin âlike keel of boat)
- Heart
- Pulmonary trunk bifurcation
- L2 : Left Recurrent Laryngeal (Looping under Aorta); Ligamentum Arteriosum: Connects Aortic Arch to Pulmonary. Bifurcation
- Azygous vein arches over the root of the Rt. Lung and opens in SVC.
- Nerve plexi: Cardiac and Pulmonary Plexus
- Thoracic duct (on its way to drain into the Left Subclavian)
- SVC going down
Spine[edit]
- Breakfast at 7:00--- 7 cervical vertebrae
- Lunch at 12:00--- 12 thoracic vertebrae
- Dinner at 5:00--- 5 lumbar vertebrae[19]
Hand[edit]
- Carpal bones:
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle:
Scaphoid, Lunatum, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate and Hamate
Scaphoid, Lunatum, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate and Hamate
- Carpal Bones:
She Looks Too Pretty Try To Catch Her:
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate and Hamate
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate and Hamate
- Carpal bones:
Scabby Lucy Tried Pissing Hours after Copulating Two Twins:
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, and Trapezium:
In clockwise order from Scaphoid-remember zoids do not touch each other. M. Hall
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, and Trapezium:
In clockwise order from Scaphoid-remember zoids do not touch each other. M. Hall
- Carpal bones:
So Long To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb:
Straight Line To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb:
Scaphoid, Lunatum, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium
Straight Line To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb:
Scaphoid, Lunatum, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium
Internal iliac artery: branches[edit]
ILike Going Places Using My Very Own Unmanned Vehicle
Posterior division:
Posterior division:
- Iliolumbar artery
- Lateral sacral artery
- Superior gluteal artery
Anterior division:
- Inferior gluteal artery
- Internal pudendal artery
- Umbilical artery
- Middle rectal artery
- Superior and inferior vesical artery
- Obturator artery
- Uterine artery (female)
- Vaginal artery (female)
Coronal section of brain (structures)[edit]
'In Extremis, Cannibals Eat People's Globus Pallidi Instead of Their Hearts':
From insula to midline:
- Insula
- Extreme capsule
- Claustrum
- External capsule
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus
- Internal capsule
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary Hormones[edit]
FLAG TOP[edit]
- FSH
- LH
- ACTH
- GH
- TSH
- MelanOcyte Stimulating Hormone
- Prolactin
References[edit]
- ^ abcdefg'Anatomy'(PDF). medicalmnemonics.com. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
- ^'Inferior vena cava: tributaries'. LifeHugger. 27 September 2009.
- ^'Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome & Nerve Entrapments'. Archived from the original on November 4, 2006. Retrieved 2014-02-18.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
- ^http://doctor.medscape.com/viewarticle/413587Archived December 1, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^MedicalMnemonics.com: 1182 7
- ^'Posterior mediastinum: Contents'. LifeHugger. 27 September 2009.
- ^MedicalMnemonics.com: 38
- ^'Medical mnemonics'. LifeHugger. Retrieved 2009-12-19.
- ^Niknejad, Mohammad Taghi. 'Popliteal fossa anatomy (mnemonic) | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org'. radiopaedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ^Dennis Long (2006). Vive Les Verbes Français!: 6,000 Verbs to Add Savoir-Flair to Your French. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 8. ISBN978-0-07-147875-5.
- ^Kevin C. Wang; Rita A. Mukhtar; Rodrigo E Saenz (2005). Hardcore Neuroscience. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 23. ISBN978-1-4051-0471-5.
- ^Saladin, Kenneth S. (2008). Human anatomy (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. ISBN0-07-110209-4.
- ^Textbook of Basic Nursing by Caroline Bunker Rosdahl and Mary T. Kowalski (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007) p194; Medical Terminology for Dummies by Beverley Henderson and Jennifer Dorsey (For Dummies, 2008) p327
- ^Caroline Bunker Rosdahl and Mary T. Kowalski, Textbook of Basic Nursing (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007) p194
- ^Ziser. 'The Endocrine System (Major Endocrine Glands)'(PDF). p. 1. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- ^Sing, Atul (August 22, 2000). 'Extraocular muscles cranial nerve innervation'. Medicalmnemonics.com. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
- ^'Four layers of the Gastointestinal Tract'. University of Leeds. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^Mega List of Mnemonics for Nurses & Nursing Students. Examville Study Guides. 2010.
- ^'Skeletal Anatomy: Vertebrae and Thoracic Cage'. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_anatomy_mnemonics&oldid=896767398'
- 8Vertebral column
- 22Diaphragm apertures: spinal levels
- 26G.I. tract layers (simplified)
- 27Kidney functions
- 32Sternal angle
- 37Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Afferent vs efferent[edit]
Afferent connection arrives and an efferent connection exits.
Anterior leg muscles[edit]
'The Hospitals Are Not Dirty Places'
- Tibialis anterior
- extensor Hallucis longus
- anterior tibial Artery
- deep fibular Nerve
- extensor Digitorum longus
- Peronius tertius [aka fibularis tertius][1]
Brachial plexus[edit]
Remember To Drink Cold Beer - Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches
- Posterior cord branches
- STAR - subscapular (upper and lower), thoracodorsal, axillary, radial
- RATS- Radial nerve, Axillary nerve, Thoracodorsal nerve, Subscapular (Upper & Lower)nerve.
- ULTRA - upper subscapular, lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, radial, axillary
- ULNAR- Upper subscapular nerve, Lower subscapular nerve,Nerve to latissimus dorsi, Axillary nerve, Radial nerve.
- Lateral Cord Branches
- LLM 'Lucy Loves Me' - lateral pectoral, lateral root of the median nerve, musculocutaneous
- Love Me Latha (LML) - Lateral pectoral nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve, Lateral root of Median Nerve.
- Look My Lancer-Lateral pectoral nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve,Lateral root of Median nerve.
- Medial Cord Branches
- MMMUM 'Most Medical Men Use Morphine' - medial pectoral, medial cutaneous nerve of arm, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, ulnar, medial root of the median nerve
- 'Money Makes Many Men Unhappy' - Medial pectoral nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of arm, Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, Medial root of median nerve, Ulnar nerve.
- 'M4U' - Medial pectoral nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of arm, Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, Medial root of median nerve, Ulnar nerve
- Union of 4 Medials - Ulnar nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of arm, Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, Medial pectoral nerve, Medial root of Median Nerve.
- 5 main nerves of brachial plexus, in order laterally to medially
- 'My Aunty Rocks My Uncle' - Musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar.
Bowel components[edit]
'Dow Jones Industrial Average Closing Stock Report'[1]
From proximal to distal:
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
- Appendix
- Colon
- Sigmoid
- Rectum
Carotid sheath contents[edit]
I See 10 CC's in the IV:[1]p. 1
- I See (I.C.) = Internal Carotid artery
- 10 = CN 10 (Vagus nerve)
- CC = Common Carotid artery
- IV = Internal Jugular Vein
Cavernous sinus contents[edit]
O TOM CAT:[1]p. 1
Diaphragm Anatomy
O TOM are lateral wall components, in order from superior to inferior.
CA are the components within the sinus, from medial to lateral. CA ends at the level of T from O TOM.
- Occulomotor nerve (III)
- Trochlear nerve (IV)
- Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
- Maxillary nerve (V2)
- Carotid artery
- Abducent nerve (VI)
- T: When written, connects to the T of OTOM
Celiac trunk(Coeliac trunk): branches[edit]
Left Hand Side (LHS):
- Left gastric artery
- Hepatic artery
- Splenic artery
Vertebral column[edit]
The servant attacks with saw and axe the lumbar, stack and cord[edit]
- Cervical (atlas, axis)
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacral
- coccygeal
Tributaries of the Inferior vena cava[edit]
'ILike To Rise So High'
- Iliac vein (common)
- Lumbar vein
- Testicular vein
- Renal vein
- Suprarenal vein
- Hepatic vein[2]
Greater sciatic foramen[edit]
Structures passing through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis (S.N.I.P. N.I.P.)
- sciatic nerve
- nerve to obturator internus
- internal pudendal vessel
- pudendal nerve
- nerve to quadratus femoris
- inferior gluteal vessels
- posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Lesser sciatic foramen[edit]
Structures passing through lesser sciatic foramen: (P.I.N.T.)
- pudendal nerve
- internal pudendal vessels
- nerve to obturator internus
- tendon of obturator internus
Tarsal tunnel[edit]
a mnemonic to remember the contents of the Tarsal tunnel from anterior to posterior is 'Tom, Dick and Harry'.[3][4][5] or alternatively 'Tom, Dick (and very nervous) Harry' if the artery, vein, and nerve are included.
Subclavian artery[edit]
The branches of the subclavian artery can be remembered using VITamin C and D.
Posterior mediastinum[edit]
The contents of posterior mediastinum can be remembered using the mnemonic, 'DATES'
- Descending aorta
- Azygous vein and hemiazygos vein
- Thoracic duct
- Esophagus
- Sympathetic trunk/ganglia.[6]
Superior orbital fissure[edit]
Standing room only can be used to remember that:
- V1 passes through the superior orbital fissure
- V2 through the foramen rotundum
- V3 through the foramen ovale.[7]
Foramen magnum[edit]
Contents of the foramen magnum: VAMPS-ATM
- Vertebral arteries
- Anterior Spinal artery
- Meningeal branches of the cervical nerves
- Posterior spinal arteries
- Spinal part of the accessory nerve
- Alar and Apical ligaments of the dense
- Tectorial membrane
- Medulla oblongata[citation needed]
Cerebellum[edit]
Deep cerebellar nuclei and their positions relative to the midline: 'Fat Guys Eat Donuts,' where each letter indicates the medial to lateral location in the cerebellar white matter
- dentate nucleus[citation needed]
Pes anserinus[edit]
A mnemonic to remember the muscles that contribute tendons to the pes anserinus and the innervations of these muscles is SGT FOT (sergeant FOT)
- S- Sartorius
- G- Gracilis
- T- semiTendinosus (from anterior to posterior).
- F- femoral nerve
- O- obturator nerve
- T- tibial division of the sciatic nerve.
Notice the order of the muscles (S, G, T) follows the order of the innervating nerves which correspond to those muscles (F, O, T)[citation needed]
Diaphragm Apertures Mnemonic
Another anterior to posterior is âSay Grace before Teaâ Sartorius, Gracilis, semiTendinosus.
Femoral triangle[edit]
The femoral triangle is shaped like the sail of a sailing ship and hence its boundaries can be remembered using the mnemonic, 'SAIL':
- Sartorius
- Adductor longus
- Inguinal Ligament.[8]
The order of structures in the femoral triangle is important in the embalming of bodies, as the femoral artery is often exposed and used to pump embalming fluids into the body. The order of this neurovascular bundle can be remembered using the mnemonic, 'NAVY':
- Nerve
- Artery
- Vein
- Y -fronts (the British term of a style of men's underwear with a 'Y' shaped front that acts as a fly). The 'Y' is midline (corresponding with the penis) and the mnemonic always reads from lateral to medial (in other words, the Femoral Nerve is always lateral).
An alternate to this mnemonic is 'NAVEL' for Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty Space and Lymph, to include the deep inguinal lymph nodes located medial to the Femoral vein.[citation needed]
Popliteal fossa[edit]
A useful mnemonic to remember popliteal fossa anatomy (medial-to-lateral arrangement) is: Serve And Volley Next Ball.
- S: semimembranosus and semitendinosus (superior medial border)
- A: artery (popliteal artery)
- V: vein (popliteal vein)
- N: nerve (tibial nerve)
- B: biceps femoris (superior lateral border). The lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius form the inferior border.[9]
Cranial nerves[edit]
There are many mnemonics for the names of the cranial nerves, e.g.
- 'OOOTTAFAGVSH' is 'OLd OPen OCeans TROuble TRIbesmen ABout Fish VEnom Giving VArious ACute/SPlitting Headaches' (a mnemonic that gives enough letters to distinguish between nerves that start with the same letter), or 'On old Olympus's towering tops, a Finn and German viewed some hops,'[10] and for the initial letters 'OOOTTAFVGVAH' is 'Oh, oh, oh, to touch and feel very good velvet .. ah, heaven.'[11] The differences between these depend on 'acoustic' versus 'vestibulocochlear' and 'spinal-accessory' versus 'accessory'.
- A common example mnemonic for remembering which nerves are motor (M), sensory (S), or both (B), 'Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Benevolent Bride Matters More'. There are a very large number of additional mnemonics.[12]
- For the five branches of the facial nerve there are: Two Zebras Bit My Cookie or To Zanzibar By MotorCar
NERVE: | Olfactory nerve | Optic nerve | Oculomotor nerve | Pathic (Trochlear) nerve | Trigeminal (dentist) nerve | Abducens nerve | Facial nerve | Vestibulo-cochlear (Auditory) nerve | Glosso-pharyngeal nerve | Vagus nerve | Spinal Accessory nerve | Hypoglossal nerve | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ophthalmic | Maxillary | Mandibular | ||||||||||||
Mnemonic: (for nerve)[13] |
OLd | OPen | OCeans | TROuble | TRIbesmen | ABout | Fish | VEnom | Giving | VArious | ACute / SPlitting | Headaches | ||
TYPE: | Sensory | Sensory | Motor | Motor | Both (sensory + motor) | Motor | Both | Sensory | Both | Both | Motor | Motor | ||
Mnemonic: (for type)[14] |
Some | Say | Marry | Money, | But | My | Brother | Says | Big | Business | Makes | Money | ||
FORAMINA: | Cribriform plate | Optic canal | Superior Orbital Fissure | Superior Orbital Fissure | Superior Orbital Fissure | Foramen Rotundum | Foramen Ovale | Superior Orbital Fissure | Internal Acoustic Meatus | Internal Acoustic Meatus | Jugular Foramen | Jugular Foramen | Jugular Foramen | Hypoglossal Canal |
Mnemonics: (for foramina) |
Cleaners | Only | Spray | Smelly | Stuff | Right | On | Smelly | Idiots | In | Jumbled | Junkyards | Juggled | High |
Carl | Only | Swims | South. | Silly | Roger | Only | Swims | In | Infiniti | Jacuzzis. | Jane | Just | Hitchhikes. |
Diaphragm apertures: spinal levels[edit]
Many mnemonics are used for diaphragm apertures including:
Number of letters[edit]
- Aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12
- Oesophagus = 10 letters = T10
- Vena cava = 8 letters = T8[1]p. 1
I ate 10 eggs at 12[edit]
- I = IVC
- ate = T8
- 10 = T10
- Eggs = Esophagus
- At = Aorta
- 12 = T12
'I Read Very Old And Torn Articles' - IVC, Right phrenic nerve, Vagus, Oesophagus, Aorta, Thoracic duct, Azygous vein.[clarify]
(V)oice (O)f (A)merica[edit]
- V- vena cava -T8
- O-oesophagus-T10
- A-aorta-T12
Duodenum: lengths of parts[edit]
'Counting 1 to 4 but staggered':[1]p. 1
- 1st part: 2 inches
- 2nd part: 3 inches
- 3rd part: 4 inches
- 4th part: 1 inch
![Esophageal Esophageal](/uploads/1/2/3/7/123706261/860407650.jpg)
Endocrine glands[edit]
The major glands of the endocrine system, excluding ovaries and testes: 'T-A-P.' (T2, A3, P4)
- Thymus
- Thyroid
- Anterior pituitary
- Adrenal cortex
- Adrenal medulla
- Posterior pituitary
- Parathyroid gland
- Pancreas
- Pineal[15]
Extraocular muscles[edit]
A good mnemonic to remember which muscles are innervated by what nerve is to paraphrase it as a molecular equation: LR6SO4R3.[16]
- Lateral Rectus - Cranial Nerve VI
- Superior Oblique - Cranial Nerve IV
- the Rest of the muscles - Cranial Nerve III
Another way to remember which nerves innervate which muscles is to understand the meaning behind all the Latin words.
- The fourth cranial nerve, the trochlear, is so named because the muscle it innervates, the superior oblique, runs through a little fascial pulley that changes its direction of pull (the trochlea of superior oblique). This pulley exists in the superiomedial corner of each orbit, and 'trochl-' is Latin for 'pulley.'
- The sixth cranial nerve, the abducens, is so named because it controls the lateral rectus, which abducts the eye (rotates it laterally) upon contraction.
- The third cranial nerve, the oculomotor, is so named because it is in charge of the movement (motor) of the eye (oculo-). It controls all the other muscles.
G.I. tract layers (simplified)[edit]
M.S.M.S[edit]
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis propria
- Serosa[17]
Kidney functions[edit]
A WET BED[edit]
- A â maintaining ACID-base balance
- W â maintaining WATER balance
- E â ELECTROLYTE balance
- T â TOXIN removal
- B â BLOOD Pressure control
- E â making ERYTHROPOIETIN
- D â Vitamin D metabolism
Lateral geniculate nucleus[edit]
A simple mnemonic for remembering this[clarify] is 'See I? I see, I see,' with 'see' representing the C in 'contralateral,' and 'I' representing the I in 'ipsilateral.' Another is 'Emily and Pete meet eye to eye' as in 'M and P meet I to I,' or again, Magno and Parvo meet Ipsi to Ipsi.
Another way of remembering this[clarify] is 2+3=5, which is correct, so ipsilateral side, and 1+4 doesn't equal 6, so contralateral.
Placenta-crossing substances[edit]
WANT My Hot Dog[18]
- Wastes
- Antibodies
- Nutrients
- Teratogens
- Microorganisms
- Hormones, HIV
- Drugs
Retina[edit]
A mnemonic to remember the layers of the retina:
My | Membrane (internal limiting) |
Nerves | Nerve fibers |
Get | Ganglions |
In | Inner plexiform |
Knots | Inner nuclear |
Outside | Outer plexiform |
Our | Outer nuclear |
Easy | External limiting membrane |
Practice | Photoreceptors |
Review | Retinal pigment epithelium |
Sperm: path through male reproductive system[edit]
'My boyfriend's name is STEVE':[1]
- Seminiferous Tubules
- Epididymis
- Vas deferens
- Ejaculatory duct
Sternal angle[edit]
For structures lying at the level of the sternal angle, the following mnemonic can be used:
RAT PLLANT[edit]
- Rib 2
- Aortic arch
- Tracheal bifurcation
- Pulmonary trunk
- Ligamentum arteriosum
- Left recurrent laryngeal
- Azygos Vein
- Nerves (Cardiac and Pulmonary plexuses)
- Thoracic duct
PLOT of EARTH PLLANTS[edit]
is a more detailed mnemonic including:
- Phrenic and Vagus Nerve
- Lymph Nodes
- Oblique fissure of lungs (top of it)
- Thymus
- Esophagus (trending right to left)
- Aortic Arch (bottom of the arch)
- Rib 2, Manubrium-sternal angle, T4(more specifically T4-5 disc)
- Tracheal Bifurcation (Carina: Latin âlike keel of boat)
- Heart
- Pulmonary trunk bifurcation
- L2 : Left Recurrent Laryngeal (Looping under Aorta); Ligamentum Arteriosum: Connects Aortic Arch to Pulmonary. Bifurcation
- Azygous vein arches over the root of the Rt. Lung and opens in SVC.
- Nerve plexi: Cardiac and Pulmonary Plexus
- Thoracic duct (on its way to drain into the Left Subclavian)
- SVC going down
Spine[edit]
- Breakfast at 7:00--- 7 cervical vertebrae
- Lunch at 12:00--- 12 thoracic vertebrae
- Dinner at 5:00--- 5 lumbar vertebrae[19]
Hand[edit]
- Carpal bones:
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle:
Scaphoid, Lunatum, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate and Hamate
Scaphoid, Lunatum, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate and Hamate
- Carpal Bones:
She Looks Too Pretty Try To Catch Her:
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate and Hamate
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate and Hamate
- Carpal bones:
Scabby Lucy Tried Pissing Hours after Copulating Two Twins:
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, and Trapezium:
In clockwise order from Scaphoid-remember zoids do not touch each other. M. Hall
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, and Trapezium:
In clockwise order from Scaphoid-remember zoids do not touch each other. M. Hall
- Carpal bones:
So Long To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb:
Straight Line To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb:
Scaphoid, Lunatum, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium
Straight Line To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb:
Scaphoid, Lunatum, Triquetrum, Pisiforme, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium
Internal iliac artery: branches[edit]
ILike Going Places Using My Very Own Unmanned Vehicle
Posterior division:
Posterior division:
- Iliolumbar artery
- Lateral sacral artery
- Superior gluteal artery
Anterior division:
- Inferior gluteal artery
- Internal pudendal artery
- Umbilical artery
- Middle rectal artery
- Superior and inferior vesical artery
- Obturator artery
- Uterine artery (female)
- Vaginal artery (female)
Coronal section of brain (structures)[edit]
'In Extremis, Cannibals Eat People's Globus Pallidi Instead of Their Hearts':
From insula to midline:
- Insula
- Extreme capsule
- Claustrum
- External capsule
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus
- Internal capsule
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary Hormones[edit]
FLAG TOP[edit]
- FSH
- LH
- ACTH
- GH
- TSH
- MelanOcyte Stimulating Hormone
- Prolactin
References[edit]
- ^ abcdefg'Anatomy'(PDF). medicalmnemonics.com. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
- ^'Inferior vena cava: tributaries'. LifeHugger. 27 September 2009.
- ^'Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome & Nerve Entrapments'. Archived from the original on November 4, 2006. Retrieved 2014-02-18.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
- ^http://doctor.medscape.com/viewarticle/413587Archived December 1, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^MedicalMnemonics.com: 1182 7
- ^'Posterior mediastinum: Contents'. LifeHugger. 27 September 2009.
- ^MedicalMnemonics.com: 38
- ^'Medical mnemonics'. LifeHugger. Retrieved 2009-12-19.
- ^Niknejad, Mohammad Taghi. 'Popliteal fossa anatomy (mnemonic) | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org'. radiopaedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ^Dennis Long (2006). Vive Les Verbes Français!: 6,000 Verbs to Add Savoir-Flair to Your French. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 8. ISBN978-0-07-147875-5.
- ^Kevin C. Wang; Rita A. Mukhtar; Rodrigo E Saenz (2005). Hardcore Neuroscience. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 23. ISBN978-1-4051-0471-5.
- ^Saladin, Kenneth S. (2008). Human anatomy (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. ISBN0-07-110209-4.
- ^Textbook of Basic Nursing by Caroline Bunker Rosdahl and Mary T. Kowalski (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007) p194; Medical Terminology for Dummies by Beverley Henderson and Jennifer Dorsey (For Dummies, 2008) p327
- ^Caroline Bunker Rosdahl and Mary T. Kowalski, Textbook of Basic Nursing (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007) p194
- ^Ziser. 'The Endocrine System (Major Endocrine Glands)'(PDF). p. 1. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- ^Sing, Atul (August 22, 2000). 'Extraocular muscles cranial nerve innervation'. Medicalmnemonics.com. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
- ^'Four layers of the Gastointestinal Tract'. University of Leeds. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^Mega List of Mnemonics for Nurses & Nursing Students. Examville Study Guides. 2010.
- ^'Skeletal Anatomy: Vertebrae and Thoracic Cage'. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_anatomy_mnemonics&oldid=896767398'